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Microsoft has released a Playwright-Python
1. Introduction to Playwright
Playwright is a powerful Python library that can automatically perform automated operations on mainstream browsers such as Chromium, Firefox, and WebKit with only one API, and supports running in headless mode and headed mode at the same time.
The automation technology provided by Playwright is green, powerful, reliable and fast, and supports Linux, Mac and Windows operating systems.
There are friends who exaggerate: This project is a purely automated tool for the Python language, which liberates the code and realizes the automation function. Let's take a look at how to use it.
2. Use of Playwright
Install
The installation of Playwright is very simple, and it is solved in two steps.
The installation of Playwright is very simple, and it is solved in two steps.
pip install playwright
python -m playwright installThe above two pip operations are installed separately:
Record
There is no need to write a line of code to use Playwright, we only need to manually operate the browser, it will record our operations, and then automatically generate code scripts.
There is no need to write a line of code to use Playwright, we only need to manually operate the browser, it will record our operations, and then automatically generate code scripts.
The following is the recorded command codegen, just one line.
python -m playwright codegenThe usage of codegen can be viewed with --help. If it is simple to use, add the URL link directly after the command. If there are other needs, you can add options.
python -m playwright codegen --help
Usage: index codegen [options] [url]
open page and generate code for user actions
Options:
-o, --output <file name> saves the generated script to a file
--target <language> language to use, one of javascript, python, python-async, csharp (default: "python")
-h, --help display help for command
Examples:
$ codegen
$ codegen --target=python
$ -b webkit codegen https://example.comOptions meaning:
-o: save the recorded script to a file
--target: Specifies the language for generating scripts, there are two types of JS and Python, the default is Python
-b: Specify the browser driver
--target: Specifies the language for generating scripts, there are two types of JS and Python, the default is Python
-b: Specify the browser driver
For example, I want to search on baidu.com, use the chromium driver, and save the result as a python file of my.py.
python -m playwright codegen --target python -o 'my.py' -b chromium https://www.baidu.comAfter the command line is entered, the browser will automatically open, and then you can see that every move on the browser will be automatically translated into code, as shown below.
After the end, the browser is automatically closed, and the generated automation script is saved to the py file.
After the end, the browser is automatically closed, and the generated automation script is saved to the py file.
from playwright import sync_playwright
def run(playwright):
browser = playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)
context = browser.newContext()
# Open new page
page = context.newPage()
page.goto("https://www.baidu.com/")
page.click("input[name="wd"]")
page.fill("input[name="wd"]", "jingdong")
page.click("text="京东"")
# Click //a[normalize-space(.)='京东JD.COM官网 多快好省 只为品质生活']
with page.expect_navigation():
with page.expect_popup() as popup_info:
page.click("//a[normalize-space(.)='京东JD.COM官网 多快好省 只为品质生活']")
page1 = popup_info.value
# ---------------------
context.close()
browser.close()
with sync_playwright() as playwright:
run(playwright)In addition, playwright also provides synchronous and asynchronous API interfaces. The document is as follows.
Link: https://microsoft.github.io/playwright-python/index.htmlSynchronize
The following sample code: open three browsers in turn, go to baidu to search, take a screenshot and exit.
The following sample code: open three browsers in turn, go to baidu to search, take a screenshot and exit.
from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
browser = browser_type.launch()
page = browser.newPage()
page.goto('https://baidu.com/')
page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
browser.close()asynchronous
Asynchronous operations can be combined with asyncio to perform three browser operations at the same time.
Asynchronous operations can be combined with asyncio to perform three browser operations at the same time.
import asyncio
from playwright import async_playwright
async def main():
async with async_playwright() as p:
for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
browser = await browser_type.launch()
page = await browser.newPage()
await page.goto('http://baidu.com/')
await page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())Mobile
What's more, playwright can also support browser simulation on mobile terminals. The following is a piece of code provided by the official document, which simulates the Safari browser on the mobile phone iphone 11 pro at a given geographic location. First, navigate to maps.google.com, then perform the positioning and take a screenshot.
What's more, playwright can also support browser simulation on mobile terminals. The following is a piece of code provided by the official document, which simulates the Safari browser on the mobile phone iphone 11 pro at a given geographic location. First, navigate to maps.google.com, then perform the positioning and take a screenshot.
from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
iphone_11 = p.devices['iPhone 11 Pro']
browser = p.webkit.launch(headless=False)
context = browser.newContext(
**iphone_11,
locale='en-US',
geolocation={ 'longitude': 12.492507, 'latitude': 41.889938 },
permissions=['geolocation']
)
page = context.newPage()
page.goto('https://maps.google.com')
page.click('text="Your location"')
page.screenshot(path='colosseum-iphone.png')
browser.close()In addition, you can also use it with the pytest plug-in. If you are interested, you can try it yourself.
3. Summary
Compared with existing automated testing tools, playwright has many advantages, including:
Compared with existing automated testing tools, playwright has many advantages, including:
Support all browsers
Have fast and reliable execution
Possess powerful automation functions
But it also has limitations.
Although there are some limitations, now playwright has been updated to version 1.7.0. With the generation of updates, the system will be more complete. As a small white artifact, it saves so many things for everyone. We believe in its future. It will get better and better.
GitHub link: https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python
Portal: https://playwright.dev/
Open source organization: Microsoft
Portal: https://playwright.dev/
Open source organization: Microsoft
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